Structural disorders have caused lower scores than functional and psychiatric ones. They found that the categories of illnesses had large effects on total DHI scores. investigated the relationship between total DHI scores and the presence of the structural, functional, and psychiatric disorders. The group with phobic postural vertigo had the highest total score of DHI, while the vestibular group had the lowest one. in subgroups of patients with multisensory dizziness, chronic peripheral vestibular disorder, whiplash-associated disorder, unspecific dizziness, phobic postural vertigo, and dizziness of cervical origin. The association between DHI and clinical status of the patients was analyzed by Hansson et al. The DHI is used mainly as a measure of handicap in different diseases, but few studies consider its usefulness as a disease indicator. In the literature, a few studies have already concentrated on the relationship between the DHI score and (1) selected diseases or clinical status, and (2) vestibular testing objective methods. However, it has been observed that this questionnaire yields limited conclusions related to the clinically important information. The DHI was originally developed in the English language for USA patients, but in the past decades, it has been translated and validated in many other languages, e.g., to German or Spanish. Some studies that assessed patients with vestibular impairment used domains that differed from the original ones. The DHI consists of 25 items designed to determine dizziness-dependent changes grouped into three domains: Functional, emotional, and physical. The DHI was developed by Jacobson and Newman to assess disability grade. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) is one of the most popular questionnaires for assessment of the dizziness handicap.
There are several questionnaires for vertigo and dizziness handicap assessment, e.g., Vestibular Disorders of Daily Living Scale (VADL) Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Vertigo Handicap Questionnaire (VHQ) Vertigo, Dizziness, Imbalance Questionnaire (VDI) UCLA-DQ UCLA Dizziness Questionnaire. A self-reported questionnaire could be of great help in evaluating the clinical status of the patient. Primary care is the first point of contact for dizzy patients. Consequently, dizziness is a cause of disability and inability to work. Diagnosis is usually difficult because these complaints are nonspecific and the differential diagnosis is broad. According to the Classification of Vestibular Disorders of the Barany Society, dizziness is defined as a nonvertiginous sensation of disturbed or impaired spatial orientation without a false or distorted sense of motion. Subjects reporting dizziness describe a range of sensations, such as feeling faint, woozy, weak, or unsteady. The DHI is highly correlated with patients’ psychological status.ĭizziness and/or vertigo are the most common reported medical complaints affecting 15–35% of the adult population dependent on the study group. The positional subscale showed the highest scoring in the BPPV group with high sensitivity and low specificity of the test. (4) Conclusions: Our analysis revealed that the DHI vestibular subscale distinguishes between patients with compensated and uncompensated vestibular dysfunction. The DHI total score and the subscales scores correlated with anxiety-depression, and the highest correlation coefficients were calculated for vestibular (F2 0.56) and anxiety (F5 0.51) subscales. The DHI items composing the F3 (positional) subscale revealed the highest scoring in the BPPV group with 75% sensitivity and 92% negative predictive value (NPV) in reference to Dix–Hallpike tests. (3) Results: The DHI questionnaire total scoring and its vestibular subscale distinguished between patients with compensated and uncompensated vestibular dysfunction with positive predictive values of 76% and 79%, respectively. Principal component analysis was used to examine the factorial structure of the questionnaire. (2) Material and methods: This observational study included 343 dizzy patients with one of the following clinical conditions: Vestibular impairment noncompensated or compensated, central or bilateral, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), migraine and psychogenic dizziness. The aim of this study was to identify the subscales of DHI that may correlate with some vestibular or nonvestibular dysfunctions. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) is widely used in the assessment of dizziness-related disability, but its clinical efficacy needs further expansion. (1) Objectives: The evaluation of dizzy patients is difficult due to nonspecific symptoms that require a multi-specialist approach.
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